Dietary Fiber Intake and Weight Status in Young Austrian Adults

TL;DR

Young Austrian adults with higher dietary fiber intake tend to have lower BMI, and the sources of fiber matter for weight status.

Contribution

This study identifies a link between fiber intake, BMI, and dietary sources in young adults, emphasizing the importance of fiber quality.

Findings

Overweight individuals consumed significantly less fiber (13.18 g/day) compared to normal-weight individuals (16.09 g/day).

Normal-weight participants obtained fiber mainly from fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while overweight individuals relied more on potatoes and white bread.

Fiber intake was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001).

Abstract

Background: Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in body weight regulation and metabolic health. Despite benefits, fiber intake remains suboptimal. This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber intake, BMI, and fiber sources among young Austrian adults in higher education. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated screening tool (18-item FiberScreen) to assess total daily fiber intake. Self-reported anthropometric data were used to calculate BMI, and participants were categorized into normal-weight and overweight groups. Differences in fiber intake and sources were analyzed by sex and BMI category. Correlations between fiber intake, BMI, and food group contributions were assessed. Results: The mean daily fiber intake among participants (n = 813) was 15.72 g/day. Overweight individuals consumed significantly less total fiber (13.18 ± 0.44 g/day) compared with those of normal weight (16.09 ± 0.22 g/day). Normal-weight participants obtained fiber mainly from fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while the overweight group relied more on potatoes and white bread. Fiber intake was also negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low fiber intake is widespread among young adults and associated with higher BMI. The findings suggest that not only the quantity but also the quality of fiber sources play a role in weight status. Interventions aimed at improving dietary fiber intake through targeted education and healthier food environments would be a good strategy to support better health outcomes in young adults.

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