The Predictive Role of the Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and the Triglyceride–Glucose Index, Along with Anthropometric Measurements, in Diagnosing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Kids and Juveniles, and the Evaluation of Novel Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Pediatric NAFLD

TL;DR

This study finds that the triglyceride/HDL ratio and triglyceride-glucose index are strong indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and are linked to increased cardiovascular risk.

Contribution

The study identifies the TG/HDL ratio and TyG index as highly effective and novel early predictors of NAFLD in obese pediatric populations.

Findings

The TG/HDL ratio and TyG index show strong predictive value for NAFLD in obese children.

Obese children with NAFLD have significantly higher cardiovascular risk markers.

HOMA-IR and waist circumference are weaker predictors of NAFLD compared to TG/HDL and TyG.

Abstract

Our article is about practical methods that we can use in the early detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is common in obese children.

What are the main findings?
TG/HDL ratio and TyG index show a significant increase in obese children with NAFLD.Cardiovascular risk indices increase in obese children with NAFLD.

TG/HDL ratio and TyG index show a significant increase in obese children with NAFLD.

Cardiovascular risk indices increase in obese children with NAFLD.

What is the implication of the main finding?
TG/HDL ratio and TyG index are very significant parameters in the early detection of NAFLD.The development of NAFLD in obese children also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

TG/HDL ratio and TyG index are very significant parameters in the early detection of NAFLD.

The development of NAFLD in obese children also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Aim: This current research aims to determine the predictive value of the ratio of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), index of triglyceride–glucose (TyG), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score, and anthropometric measurements at the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese kids and juveniles. It also sought to assess how novel cardiovascular risk markers are affected in obese pediatric patients with NAFLD. Materials and Methods: Between November 2024 and May 2025, a total of 199 pediatric patients were prospectively evaluated, including 150 children with obesity and 49 entirely healthy controls. Two categories of obese patients were created based on whether or not they had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These groups were compared with each other and with the control group in terms of HOMA-IR score, index of TyG, ratio of TG/HDL-C, anthropometric parameters (percentage of body fat [BFP], index of body mass [BMI], body fat mass [BFM], waist circumference [WC]), and cardiovascular risk markers. The cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity of the HOMA-IR score, ratio of TG/HDL-C, anthropometric measurements, and index of TyG in predicting NAFLD were assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Obese kids and juveniles with NAFLD had significantly higher TG/HDL-C ratios, TyG indices, HOMA-IR scores, anthropometric measurements, and cardiovascular risk markers than those without NAFLD (p < 0.001). The TG/HDL-C ratio (AUC: 0.936; 81.8% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity) and the TyG index (AUC: 0.912; 81.8% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity) showed strong predictive value for NAFLD, while HOMA-IR and WC were found to be relatively weaker predictors. Conclusions: The index of TyG and ratio of TG/HDL-C are highly effective parameters in predicting NAFLD development in obese kids and juveniles. Those with increased WC and BFP should be closely monitored for NAFLD development. Pediatric patients with NAFLD should be carefully followed up for potential cardiovascular diseases.

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