# From Industry to Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Zeolite as a Next-Generation Multifunctional Filler for Enhanced Mechanical Reinforcement and Antimicrobial Efficacy

## TL;DR

Zeolites are promising multifunctional fillers in dentistry, offering mechanical reinforcement and antimicrobial properties while being sustainable and cost-effective.

## Contribution

This review highlights zeolites as next-generation dental fillers with unique multifunctionality compared to existing materials.

## Key findings

- Zeolites provide mechanical reinforcement, remineralization, and antimicrobial properties in dental composites.
- Recent synthetic strategies enable sustainable zeolite production from industrial and agricultural residues.
- Zeolites outperform traditional fillers like hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass in multifunctionality.

## Abstract

Zeolites are becoming potentially important multifunctional fillers in dentistry, providing a distinctive blend of mechanical reinforcement, remineralization, and antimicrobial properties. Their crystalline aluminosilicate frameworks offer ion-exchange capacity, the controlled release of therapeutic ions (Ag+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Cu2+), and compatibility with various dental composites. Sustainable and cost-effective zeolite production has become possible due to recent developments in synthetic strategies. These include the valorization of industrial and agricultural residues that are abundant in Si and Al. The incorporation of zeolites into dental adhesives, restorative composites, glass ionomer cements, root canal sealers, prosthetic materials, and implant coatings has been shown to improve mechanical stability and remineralization potential, and enhance antibacterial protection. The unique advantage of zeolites in integrating multifunctionality within a single system is emphasized when compared with other fillers, such as hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and bioactive glass. Nevertheless, obstacles persist with respect to clinical validation, regulatory pathways, and long-term biocompatibility. This review critically assesses the structure–function relationships, synthesis strategies, and dental applications of zeolites, while also delineating future perspectives for their translation into clinically approved, sustainable dental biomaterials.