ScFv-h3D6 Prevents Bapineuzumab-Induced Hemorrhagic Events in the APP23 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

TL;DR

A safer antibody fragment prevents brain hemorrhages in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease compared to a full-length antibody.

Contribution

The study demonstrates that scFv-h3D6 prevents hemorrhages without reducing Aβ levels less than a full-length antibody.

Findings

scFv-h3D6 does not increase hemorrhagic events in the APP23 mouse model.

Both mAb-m3D6 and scFv-h3D6 reduce Aβ levels equally.

Axonal/myelin damage in APP23 mice does not recover after treatment.

Abstract

The occurrence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs), found in clinical trials for Aβ-immunotherapy, has been related to the antibody’s effector function on glial activation by the Fc portion of the antibody. The use of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) has been proposed as a safer therapeutic strategy. Here, the effects of the mice format of bapineuzumap (mAb-m3D6) and its scFv (scFv-h3D6) on the occurrence of ARIAs in the APP23 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) have been addressed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results are supported by histological and/or biochemical determinations. Aged APP23 mice showed a significantly higher number of microhemorrhages than non-transgenic mice. mAb-m3D6 produced an increase in the number of new hemorrhagic events, mainly in the cortex, whereas scFv-h3D6 did not. Both mAb-m3D6 and scFv-h3D6 reduced Aβ levels by the same extent. Axonal/myelin damage was found in the frontal corpus callosum of APP23 mice, which did not recover after treatment. In conclusion, the scFv-h3D6 format appears safer than the full-length mAb in the APP23 model of AD and CAA. This finding is highly relevant in light of the new FDA- and EMA-approved mAbs, which exclude APOEε4 allele carriers due to the occurrence of hemorrhages.

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