Comparative Analysis of the Use of Osteoplastic Materials in Socket Augmentation: A Systematic Review

TL;DR

This systematic review compares different bone materials used after tooth extraction to preserve jawbone structure for future dental implants.

Contribution

The study provides a comparative analysis of various osteoplastic materials for socket preservation using randomized controlled trials.

Findings

Nine randomized trials showed osteoplastic materials effectively preserve alveolar ridge dimensions.

Xenogenic and synthetic materials were most commonly studied, with some comparison to alloplastic and autogenic options.

Material selection significantly affects clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches.

Abstract

Background: Tooth extraction is often accompanied by bone tissue loss. This systematic review aims to compare osteoplastic materials for socket preservation. Methods: This systematic review was carried out with the PRISMA statement. To identify relevant studies, a thorough literature search was executed in several databases, such as Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The inclusion criteria were restricted to randomized controlled trials, and their methodological quality was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2). Results: Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine randomized clinical trials published before 2024 were selected for analysis, all of them investigating the application of osteoplastic materials. Six studies performed xenogenic bone augmentation; one of them compared alloplastic and xenogenic materials; two studies described synthetic osteoplastic materials; and one described autogenic bone material. Conclusion: Socket augmentation with osteoplastic materials demonstrates effectiveness in preserving alveolar ridge dimensions and creating favorable conditions for further implant placement, though differences in clinical performance highlight the need for careful material selection.

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