# Bulk RNAseq Analysis of Cardiac Myosin-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Reveals Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles Between Myocarditis-Resistant and Susceptible Mice

## TL;DR

This study compares gene activity in T cells from two mouse strains to understand why one is resistant to heart inflammation while the other is not.

## Contribution

The study reveals distinct transcriptomic profiles in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from myocarditis-resistant and susceptible mice.

## Key findings

- Transcriptomic profiles distinguish CD4+ from CD8+ T cells and differ between C57BL/6 and A/J mice.
- KEGG analysis shows downregulated pathways in C57BL/6 mice linked to viral myocarditis and autoimmune conditions.
- Transcription factor networks identify shared and unique regulators of T cell activation and tolerance.

## Abstract

Background: We recently generated T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) mice specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc-α 334–352) on both myocarditis-resistant (C57BL/6) and susceptible (A/J) genetic backgrounds. We noted that the antigen-specific TCRs were expressed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both strains, but their responses differed. While the T cells from naïve Tg C57BL/6 mice do not respond to Myhc-α 334–352, whereas those from A/J mice spontaneously respond to the antigen, suggesting their underlying molecular mechanisms might differ. Methods: To investigate the mechanisms of differences in the antigen-responsiveness between the Tg C57BL/6 and A/J mice, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells sorted by flow cytometry. Differentially expressed genes, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of GO and KEGG, and transcription factor (TF) network analyses were performed to identify pathways and regulators of immune responses. Results: First, the principal component analysis of the transcriptomic profiles distinguished CD4+ from CD8+ T cells, which also differed between the two strains. Second, the differentially expressed cytokine and cytotoxicity genes revealed similar patterns between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed downregulated pathways in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are associated with viral myocarditis, and various autoimmune conditions in C57BL/6 as compared to A/J mice. Similarly, the GSEA of GO revealed negative regulation of heart contraction and positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy processes were negatively enriched in CD4+ T cells of C57BL/6 mice. Finally, by generating the transcription factor (TF) networks, 22 TFs were found common to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas eight TFs were unique to CD4+ or CD8+ T cells that have a role in T cell activation, tolerance, and T regulatory cells. Conclusions: Our data provide new insights into the transcriptomic profiles that may contribute to the genetic resistance mechanisms for developing cardiac autoimmunity.