Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Periapical Lesion Healing After Root Canal Preparation with Different File Systems

TL;DR

This study compares different root canal file systems using CT scans to evaluate healing of dental lesions over one year.

Contribution

The study provides a novel comparative analysis of three root canal file systems using CBCT for assessing periapical lesion healing.

Findings

All three file systems showed significant reduction in apical radiolucency after one year.

No statistically significant difference was found among the three systems in lesion healing.

CBCT was confirmed as an effective tool for evaluating periapical lesion healing.

Abstract

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for a 1-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial to compare a stainless-steel Tornado file system with OneShape and WaveOne rotary systems for biomechanical canal preparation, as indicated by radiolucency sizes of periapical lesions. Methods: Lower molars with necrotic pulps and periapical lesions were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) according to three rotary file systems. After root canal treatment, clinical and assessment of the CBCT periapical index scores were blindly evaluated at one year using pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT images. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the three systems at a p-value of 0.05. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in the size of apical radiolucency in each group after one-year follow-up, with no statistically significant difference among the three systems (p > 0.05). Conclusions: CBCT is a valuable biomedical imaging modality for assessing periapical lesion healing. Tornado, WaveOne, and OneShape systems can be used with similar efficacy for root canal preparation in teeth with periapical lesions. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06752837). Date of Registration: 30 December 2024. The CONSORT group has identified it as essential.

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