The Effects of Virtual Reality Interventions on Motor Function Rehabilitation in Lower-Limb Amputees: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

TL;DR

This study reviews how virtual reality helps lower-limb amputees improve motor function, finding benefits in postural stability but not walking ability.

Contribution

The paper provides a systematic review and metanalysis of VR interventions for lower-limb amputees, revealing specific outcomes on motor function.

Findings

VR-based rehabilitation did not significantly improve walking capacity in lower-limb amputees.

Postural stability showed significant improvement with VR interventions across studies.

Abstract

Background: Lower-limb amputation is a complex condition that profoundly affects motor function and patients’ quality of life. Physical therapists are key in managing lower-limb amputees, and emerging technologies such as virtual reality offer promising tools to further enhance motor function. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in improving motor function in lower-limb amputees. Method: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering all studies published from their inception to July 2025. The study population consisted of adult lower-limb amputees receiving virtual reality-based rehabilitation, either alone or combined with other interventions. The search strategy included key terms such as “amputee,” “limb loss,” and “virtual reality,” with no date restrictions. Results: Six studies, all randomized controlled trials, were included and featured a variety of protocols. Meta-analysis showed no significant improvement in walking capacity in the experimental group when compared with controls (p > 0.05). In contrast, postural stability demonstrated significant improvement in the experimental group, with high consistency across studies (I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that virtual reality may be an effective approach to improving motor function in lower-limb amputees. However, the studies exhibit methodological limitations, highlighting the need for further research to standardize protocols and evaluate long-term benefits.

Figures