# How Familiarity, Musical Affinity, and ADHD Shape Adolescents’ Perception of Musical Emotions

## TL;DR

This study explores how familiarity, musical interest, and ADHD affect how teenagers perceive emotions in music, highlighting music's role in emotional regulation.

## Contribution

The study introduces a multidimensional concept of musical affinity and examines its interaction with ADHD and familiarity in emotional music perception.

## Key findings

- Familiarity significantly influenced both arousal and emotional valence ratings of musical excerpts.
- High-affinity adolescents rated music as more pleasant and familiar, but not more arousing.
- ADHD diagnosis did not significantly affect emotional or arousal ratings of music.

## Abstract

Music serves as a powerful tool for emotion regulation, particularly in adolescents, who experience emotional challenges. Understanding the determinants shaping their perception of musical emotions may help optimize music-based interventions, especially for those with ADHD. This online study examined how familiarity, musical affinity, and ADHD diagnosis influence adolescents’ judgments of musical excerpts in terms of arousal and emotional valence. A total of 138 adolescents (38 ADHD, 100 controls) rated 55 excerpts for arousal, valence, and familiarity using 10-point Likert scales. Musical affinity was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct encompassing musical experience, listening diversity, and receptivity to musical emotions. A cluster analysis identified two affinity profiles (low and high), and ANCOVAs tested the effects of affinity, ADHD, and familiarity on arousal and valence judgments. Familiarity strongly affected both arousal and valence. High-affinity adolescents judged excerpts as more pleasant and familiar, though arousal ratings did not differ between affinity profiles. Familiarity effects on emotional valence were stronger among lower-affinity adolescents. ADHD status did not significantly affect ratings. Overall, the study underscores music’s potential for emotion regulation and its relevance in educational, clinical, and self-care contexts.