# Resveratrol Alleviates Effects of LPS on Estrogen Synthesis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Pyroptosis of Goat Granulosa Cells by Activating the PPARG/NRF2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

## TL;DR

Resveratrol helps protect goat granulosa cells from LPS damage by activating a specific signaling pathway, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel mechanism by which resveratrol alleviates LPS-induced injury via the PPARG/NRF2/HO-1 pathway in goat granulosa cells.

## Key findings

- Resveratrol reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in goat granulosa cells.
- Resveratrol's protective effects were blocked by a PPARG antagonist, confirming pathway involvement.
- The PPARG/NRF2/HO-1 pathway was identified as a key mediator of resveratrol's actions.

## Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of resveratrol (RES) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in goat granulosa cells (GCs). First, the appropriate time and concentration were screened for LPS (4 μg/mL, 12 h), RES (1 μM, 6 h), and GW9662 (an antagonist of PPARG, 1 μM, 12 h) through CCK8 and RT-qPCR. Then, cells were treated with LPS, RES, or/and GW9662, to examine steroidogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis by RIA, RT-qPCR, WB, flow cytometry, and IF, respectively. Results showed that RES inhibited LPS-induced increases in MDA content, ROS production, gene expressions of IL-1β, NLRP3, Caspase1, and GSDMD, as well as protein levels of IL-1β, and GSDMD, accompanied by decreases in SOD activity, T-AOC and E2 content, gene expressions of SOD, CYP19A1, and HSD3B, and protein levels of SOD and HSD3B. Furthermore, RES inhibited LPS-induced decreases in PPARG, NRF2, and HO-1 gene expressions and protein levels. However, GW9662 could block all the alleviating effects of RES on LPS. In conclusion, RES regulates the effects of LPS on hormone secretion, inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis by modulating the PPARG/NRF2/HO-1 pathway, providing a new theoretical basis for improving goat reproduction.