# Chemical Diversity and Ecological Origins of Anti-MRSA Metabolites from Actinomycetota

## TL;DR

This paper reviews natural compounds from Actinomycetota that can fight MRSA, a dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and highlights the importance of exploring new ecological niches for drug discovery.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews recent anti-MRSA metabolites from Actinomycetota and emphasizes ecology-driven bioprospecting for novel antibiotics.

## Key findings

- Compounds like chromomycins and actinomycins show potent anti-MRSA activity with submicromolar MICs.
- Underexplored ecological niches like mangroves and marine sediments are promising sources of novel metabolites.
- Ecology-driven drug discovery is critical for addressing the AMR crisis.

## Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major global threat to human health. Among multidrug-resistant pathogens, MRSA is a leading cause of severe nosocomial infections, urgently demanding the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Nature, particularly Actinomycetota, remains a prolific source of potent bioactive compounds to combat pathogens. This review analyzes recent advancements in anti-MRSA compounds from Actinomycetota. We highlight the most promising bioactive metabolites, their sources, mechanisms of action, and current limitations. Our analysis identified numerous compounds with potent activity against MRSA, including chromomycins, actinomycins, diperamycin, lunaemycin A, lactoquinomycin A, and weddellamycin, which exhibit submicromolar minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The renewed interest in exploring Actinomycetota de novo is directly driven by the AMR crisis. Furthermore, bioprospecting efforts in underexplored ecological niches, such as mangroves and marine sediments, have proven highly promising, as these habitats often harbour unique microbial communities producing novel metabolites. These findings underscore the critical importance of ecology-driven drug discovery in expanding the antimicrobial arsenal and effectively addressing the global health challenge of MRSA and other resistant pathogens.