# Synthesis, antiproliferative screening, and molecular docking of some heterocycles derived from N-(1-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-hydrazineyl-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)benzamide

## TL;DR

This paper reports the synthesis and testing of new heterocyclic compounds with potential as cancer treatments, showing selective toxicity and promising docking results.

## Contribution

The study introduces novel heterocyclic compounds with antiproliferative activity and potential CDK2 inhibition, supported by molecular docking.

## Key findings

- Compounds 5, 8, 9, and 10 showed significant cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
- Compound 9 had a superior docking score (-9.5080 kcal/mol) compared to doxorubicin and RRC.
- Molecular docking suggested these compounds may act as CDK2 inhibitors with binding profiles similar to known drugs.

## Abstract

The hydrazide derivative synthesized from oxazolone was employed as a key building block for the preparation of various N-acetyl, N-benzoyl, imidazole, tetrazine, pyrazole, and pyrazolopyrazole compounds. These target heterocycles were obtained by reacting the hydrazide with several carbon-based electrophilic reagents, including chloroacetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, acetic anhydride, carbon disulfide, and pyrazole aldehyde. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against colon (HCT-116) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines, which implied the more selective toxicity of these derivatives toward cancer cell lines rather than normal cell line (WI-38), signifying the safety of the tested compounds. Biological screening results demonstrated that compounds 5, 8, 9, and 10 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both cell lines. Among molecular docking simulation, the ligand binding energies were like those of doxorubicin (as an anticancer drug) and RRC (as a CDK2 inhibitor), as the most interacting amino acids were common, proposing being CDK2 inhibitor. The superlative docking score was given by compound 9 (S= -9.5080 kcal/mol), which was higher than that of doxorubicin and co-crystallized ligand (RRC). This work may develop the innovative, highly effective agents against cancer in the future.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-27006-9.