Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, not otherwise specified, rare types B/T leukemia: a case report in the Jordanian Royal Medical Services

TL;DR

This paper reports a rare case of mixed B/T acute leukemia in a 7-year-old boy, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis through immunophenotyping.

Contribution

The novelty lies in presenting a rare B/T leukemia case in Jordan and stressing the need for more research on this subtype.

Findings

A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with MPAL, B/T rare type, through bone marrow and immunophenotyping.

The case underscores the importance of comprehensive immunophenotyping for accurate MPAL diagnosis.

More case series and studies are needed to improve understanding and treatment of this rare leukemia subtype.

Abstract

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) represents approximately 3–5% of all acute leukemia cases and is defined by blast populations that co-express markers from more than one hematopoietic lineage. In most cases, blasts exhibit myeloid markers together with either B-cell or T-cell markers. The rarest subtype is mixed B/T acute leukemia. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with weakness and fatigue and was diagnosed with MPAL, not otherwise specified, B/T rare type, based on bone marrow examination and immunophenotyping. This case highlights the essential role of comprehensive immunophenotyping in establishing an accurate diagnosis of MPAL. Given the limited information in the literature, case series and prospective studies are needed for a better understanding and successful treatment.

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