# Assessment of Knowledge on Insulin Administration Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kathmandu Valley

## TL;DR

The study found that most diabetes patients in Kathmandu know how to administer insulin, but gaps remain in understanding types and post-injection care.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific knowledge gaps in insulin administration among diabetes patients in Nepal.

## Key findings

- 84% of patients had adequate knowledge of insulin administration.
- Fewer patients consistently checked insulin expiry or practiced proper needle disposal.
- Longer diabetes duration and older age correlated with better knowledge and adherence.

## Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from insulin deficiency, leading to hyperglycemia. Effective management, particularly for insulin‐dependent patients, relies heavily on correct insulin administration. Assessing patient knowledge regarding this is crucial for identifying educational needs.

This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge on insulin administration among DM patients attending Kathmandu Diagnostic Center, Lalitpur.

A descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted from February 2, 2024, to April 2, 2024. A total of 187 DM patients were included. Data were collected using a semi‐structured questionnaire covering various aspects of insulin administration and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.

The study found that 84% of participants had adequate knowledge of insulin administration, though gaps existed in understanding insulin types and postinjection care. Most patients demonstrated good adherence to injection techniques such as priming and aseptic practices, but fewer consistently checked insulin expiry or practiced proper needle disposal. Knowledge and practice were significantly associated with diabetes duration, insulin therapy length, and age, whereas the type of delivery device showed no significant impact.

This study demonstrates that although the majority of patients with DM in Nepal possess adequate knowledge of insulin administration, critical gaps remain, particularly in understanding insulin complications, types, and comprehensive postinjection care. Knowledge positively correlates with correct insulin administration practices, underscoring the importance of patient education. Moreover, longer disease duration, extended insulin therapy, and older age are significantly associated with better knowledge and adherence, whereas the type of insulin delivery device does not influence these factors. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted, age‐ and experience‐tailored educational interventions to improve insulin management skills and self‐care practices. Improving patient literacy and technique can contribute substantially to optimizing glycemic control and reducing diabetes‐related complications in this population.

This study assessed insulin administration knowledge among diabetes patients in Kathmandu Valley, revealing that although most demonstrated adequate knowledge, critical gaps remain in expiry checks, insulin types, and postinjection care. Targeted education is essential to improve safe insulin practices and reduce diabetes‐related complications.