# Promiscuous class II-binding SARS-CoV-2-nuc derived vaccine-peptide induced extensive conventional, innate and unconventional T cell responses

## TL;DR

This study shows that a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine peptide triggered diverse T cell responses, including conventional, innate, and unconventional T cells, in unexposed volunteers.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a vaccine peptide that induces broad T cell responses across multiple TCR chains and highlights the role of innate T cells.

## Key findings

- Peptide-specific T cells showed unique adaptive repertoires with shared public clonotypes.
- Innate T cells, including γδ T cells, were significantly activated by the vaccine peptide.
- Hydrophobic CDR3 regions were common in nucleocapsid-reactive clonotypes.

## Abstract

We describe the T-cell response of two healthy SARS-CoV-2-unexposed volunteers to a SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein-derived vaccine peptide predicted to promiscuously bind multiple HLA-DR allotypes. NGS-based bulk TCR-repertoire analysis of peptide-specific T-cell responses 4 (D2) and 27 (D1) weeks after vaccination identified CDR3 regions of TCRα, -β, -γ and -δ chains in T cells responding ex-vivo to the vaccine peptide LLLLDRLNQLESKMS with IFNγ+-secretion. Adaptive repertoires were unique. Donors shared 15 TCRα and 9 TCRβ clonotypes, all public, showing no conserved motifs but TdT-independent “neonatal” CDR3 regions close to the germline. Half the wtSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-reactive adaptive clonotypes show preferential V-segment usage (6/64 Vα and 4-8/45 Vβ chains), and all share/show a N-nucleotide-encoded hydrophobicity in their CDR3 region. VδCα rearrangements (20.4% and 15.3% of the TCRα-repertoires, respectively), Vδ1Cδ γδ-clonotypes homologous to public CD1-restricted Vδ1+ γδTCRs, and the induction of “adaptive” Vδ2Vγ9negative T cells support the role of innate T cells in the immune response.