# Attributes of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery disease: a Doppler ultrasound assessment

**Authors:** Dyana Carolina Teixeira Trevisan, Carla Aparecida Faccio Bosnardo, Dyana Carolina Teixeira Trevisan, Carla Aparecida Faccio Bosnardo

PMC · DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.202401862 · Jornal Vascular Brasileiro · 2025-10-27

## TL;DR

This review highlights how Doppler ultrasound is a key non-invasive method for assessing carotid artery plaques and identifying high-risk patients.

## Contribution

The paper emphasizes the role of Doppler ultrasound in evaluating plaque morphology and blood flow for carotid disease.

## Key findings

- Doppler ultrasound is the most used method due to its non-invasive nature and detailed information on plaque morphology.
- It enables comprehensive plaque evaluation and estimation of complication risks.
- Early identification of high-risk patients improves clinical outcomes.

## Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation of the artery wall caused by injury to the vascular endothelium and influenced by many different risk factors. Carotid stenosis is a crucial marker of cardiovascular risk that is especially relevant among men over the age of 65. Treatment and diagnostic methods for carotid disease are the subject of debate. This integrative review analyses research on Doppler ultrasonography assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. Searches of the PubMed and SciELO databases identified 69 articles, 16 of which provided details of this method of analysis. Doppler ultrasound has become the technique most often used because it is non-invasive and provides detailed information on plaque morphology and blood flow. Doppler ultrasonography enables comprehensive evaluation of plaques, identifying their morphological characteristics and estimating the risk of complications. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasonography is essential for assessment of carotid disease, enabling a noninvasive and detailed assessment and contributing to early identification of high-risk patients and improving clinical results.

A aterosclerose, uma inflamação crônica da parede arterial, resulta de lesões no endotélio vascular e é influenciada por diversos fatores de risco. A estenose carotídea, marcador crucial de risco cardiovascular, é especialmente relevante em homens acima de 65 anos de idade. O tratamento e métodos diagnósticos da doença carotídea são temas de debate. Nesta revisão integrativa, foca-se na avaliação da placa aterosclerótica por ultrassonografia Doppler. A busca nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO resultou em 69 artigos, dos quais 16 detalharam essa análise. O ultrassom Doppler emergiu como a modalidade mais utilizada devido à sua não invasividade e à sua capacidade de fornecer informações detalhadas sobre a morfologia da placa e o fluxo sanguíneo. Discute-se que o eco-Doppler permite uma avaliação abrangente da placa, identificando características morfológicas e estimando o risco de complicações. Conclui-se que a ultrassonografia Doppler é essencial na avaliação da doença carotídea, fornecendo uma abordagem não invasiva e detalhada, contribuindo para a identificação precoce de pacientes em alto risco e melhorando os resultados clínicos.

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** atherosclerosis (MONDO:0005311), carotid stenosis (MONDO:0001612)

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** atherosclerotic plaques (MESH:D058226), carotid artery disease (MESH:D002340), inflammation (MESH:D007249), Atherosclerosis (MESH:D050197), Carotid stenosis (MESH:D016893)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## References

26 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12642919/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12642919