# Inverted perovskite solar modules with 99.3% geometrical fill factor via nanosecond single laser patterning

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a laser technique to create highly efficient perovskite solar modules with minimal inactive areas.

## Contribution

The first successful use of a single nanosecond laser for all scribing steps in perovskite solar modules is demonstrated.

## Key findings

- A single 45 µm laser line reduced dead area to 0.7% in a 4 cm² module.
- Geometrical fill factors of 99.3% and 98.8% were achieved for modules of 4.0 cm² and 10.8 cm².
- This method simplifies the laser scribing process for perovskite solar modules.

## Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hold promise for high-efficiency photovoltaic technology but face commercialization challenges due to scaling difficulties. A common approach for scaling PSCs involves creating perovskite solar modules (PSMs) with subcells connected in series, using P1, P2, and P3 laser scribing process to reduce interconnection losses. In this study, a standard nanosecond pulse UV laser was used to perform these scribes. Here we demonstrated that, by employing a single 45 µm laser line for each scribe, it can significantly reduce the dead area, resulting in exceptionally high geometric fill factors (GFFs). In inverted PSMs with active areas of 4.0 cm2 and 10.8 cm2, it was reached GFFs of 99.3% and 98.8%, respectively. To the best of author’s knowledge, this work demonstrates the first successful use of a single nanosecond laser source for continuous P1-P2-P3 scribing, achieving a dead area as low as 0.7% in a 4 cm2 module.

Perovskite solar modules are typically limited by inactive areas caused by scribing steps. Andrés Soto and colleagues report a method using a single UV nanosecond laser to reduce these dead areas, achieving high geometric fill factors.