# Genetic and biotechnological potential of thermophilic Streptomyces sp. isolated from Baikal freshwater psychrophilic sponge

## TL;DR

A thermophilic Streptomyces strain from Lake Baikal's cold sponge shows biotechnological potential by producing antibiotic compounds effective against multiple microbes.

## Contribution

The study identifies a new Streptomyces strain with temperature-dependent antibiotic production and potential iron-chelating mechanisms.

## Key findings

- The strain shows antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium smegmatis at various temperatures.
- Antibiotic activity is observed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Candida glabrata at 37°C.
- The strain produces natural products related to Nocardamine and may chelate iron for symbiotic organisms.

## Abstract

Microorganisms inhabiting extreme environmental conditions receive special attention because they possess different adaptations to adverse conditions. Currently, their biotechnological potential and ability to isolate biologically active metabolites have increased. The increasing mortality due to different diseases has become particularly important as one of the notable challenges in modern healthcare. This highlights the necessity of discovering new producers of natural products (NPs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic and biotechnological potential through the assessment of NP synthesis and genome annotation of the thermophilic strain Streptomyces sp. LPB2020-019-1HS. The thermophilic strain was isolated from the Baikal endemic cold water sponge Lubomirskia baikalensis. Subsequently, Streptomyces sp. LPB2020-019-1HS was cultivated at six temperatures (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$37\,^\circ$$\end{document}C. Overall, we found that Streptomyces sp. LPB2020-019-1HS produces a family of NPs related to Nocardamine and hypothesized that freshwater Actinobacteria have mechanisms for chelating iron ions, making them available for plants/sponges or other symbiotic organisms. Therefore, our research findings underscore the importance of studying extremophilic microorganisms from Lake Baikal in the context of developing new pharmaceuticals and biotechnological solutions for contemporary healthcare challenges.