# Bioassay-guided isolation of sesamin and fargesin from the hydroalcoholic stem extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. inhibited inflammation in CpG-stimulated conventional type 1 dendritic cells

## TL;DR

This study identifies anti-inflammatory compounds in a plant used traditionally for inflammation, validating its medicinal use.

## Contribution

The study is the first to identify sesamin and fargesin as anti-inflammatory agents in Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

## Key findings

- Sesamin and fargesin inhibited IL12 production in dendritic cells.
- Fargesin significantly reduced CD80 expression in inflammatory cells.

## Abstract

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. is renowned for its medicinal values. All the plant parts have been used to treat tooth- and gum-related problems, gastro-intestinal problems, inflammation, rheumatism, and pain by the indigenous people of Nepal, India, China, and other South East Asian countries. Bioassay-guided isolation of active compounds from medicinal plants is recognized as a promising approach for the discovery of novel drug candidates. The objective of this study was to examine the main constituents of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. stems through bio-guided isolation and to explore their anti-inflammatory potential.

Sequential fractions were prepared from the hydromethanolic stem extract of Z. armatum DC. Afterward, bioassay-guided isolation was conducted using a combination of column chromatography, heat-induced hemolysis inhibition assay, and albumin denaturation inhibition assay. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through single crystal XRD and NMR. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro by measuring the expression levels of IL12 and CD80 using flow cytometry.

Sequential ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest protein anti-denaturation and membrane stabilization activities. Afterward, sesamin and fargesin were isolated from the sequential ethyl acetate fraction. Both of them showed activity against IL12 production by conventional type 1 dendritic cells. Moreover, fargesin significantly inhibited the expression of CD80.

The results identified bioactive compounds with potential against the pro-inflammatory dendritic cells for the first time. The findings justified the traditional use of Z. armatum DC. as an anti-inflammatory agent.