# Novel archaeological and palaeontological findings in cave and palaeoriver landscapes of inland northeast Arabia

## TL;DR

This paper explores archaeological and paleontological findings in caves and ancient river landscapes of northeastern Arabia, revealing insights into past climates and human activity.

## Contribution

The study provides new interdisciplinary data on hominin activity and environmental changes in a poorly studied region of Arabia.

## Key findings

- Archaeological evidence spanning from the Lower Palaeolithic to the historic era was identified in the region.
- Cave speleothems and faunal assemblages offer a rich record of past climate change.
- The Middle Palaeolithic is the most well-represented period in the archaeological record.

## Abstract

Knowledge about environmental change and the evolutionary history of hominins in Arabia has been rapidly developing over the last two decades. Interdisciplinary research on humans and environments across the vast and heterogenous landmass of the Arabian Peninsula remains, however, highly spatially uneven. Here we present the results of archaeological, hydro-geological, and palaeontological research in inland northeastern Arabia, a poorly studied area with diverse landscape features including caves, palaeorivers, and chert outcrops. Hominin use of the landscape appears to be sparse in comparison to other regions of Arabia, though archaeological evidence spanning from the Lower Palaeolithic to the historic era was identified, including finds from the Middle Palaeolithic, which is the most well represented period. The caves of inland northeast Arabia contain a rich record of past climate change in the form of speleothems, as well as abundant faunal assemblages. Our survey results highlight the significant potential of these records to cast light on environmental, faunal, and cultural changes over time while demonstrating regional variation across Arabia.