# Fulminant Yersinia Pestis Infection in a Known HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report of Identification in Nigeria 2024

## TL;DR

A fatal case of Yersinia pestis infection in an HIV-positive patient was reported in Nigeria, highlighting the disease's potential severity and the need for vigilance even in non-endemic regions.

## Contribution

This is the first recent report of Y. pestis infection in Nigeria and emphasizes the risk in immunocompromised individuals.

## Key findings

- A fatal Y. pestis infection was identified in an HIV-positive patient in Nigeria.
- The case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion for plague in non-endemic regions.
- Co-infection in immunocompromised individuals can lead to severe outcomes.

## Abstract

Yersinia pestis is one of the most dangerous pathogens in the world. While plague foci exist in Africa, no recent cases have been reported in Nigeria. We describe a fatal case of Y. pestis infection in a known HIV-positive patient who presented to a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. This case underscores the need for high clinical suspicion, even in regions considered non-endemic, and highlights the potential severity of co-infection in immunocompromised individuals.