# Comparison of the antimicrobial reduction effect of photodynamic inactivation with the addition of chlorophyll and curcumin photosensitizer in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococcus faecalis

## TL;DR

This study compares how well curcumin and chlorophyll reduce harmful oral bacteria using light therapy, finding curcumin more effective.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that curcumin is more effective than chlorophyll in photodynamic inactivation of oral bacteria.

## Key findings

- Curcumin achieved 89.42% reduction in E. faecalis compared to 69.30% with chlorophyll.
- Curcumin achieved 89.82% reduction in A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to 64.39% with chlorophyll.
- Photosensitizers significantly improved bacterial reduction compared to no PS.

## Abstract

Background:
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and
Enterococcus faecalis are pathogenic bacteria of the oral cavity that cause various diseases such as periodontitis and endodontics. These bacteria are easily resistant to antibiotics. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a method of inactivating microorganisms that utilizes light to activate a photosensitizer agent (PS) that produces reactive oxygen species causing cell lysis.

Methods: This study used the PDI method with a 405 nm diode laser at various energy density with the addition PS curcumin or chlorophyll Alfalfa, as much as 1.6 mg/ml on
A. actinomycetemcomitans and
E. faecalis bacteria.

Results: The study on
E. faecalis bacteria showed that the energy density diode laser irradiation of 1.59 J/cm² gave the percentage of
E. faecalis bacteria death 36.7% without PS, 69.30% with the addition of chlorophyll Medicago sativa L and 89.42% with the addition of curcumin. Meanwhile, the bacteria
A. actinomycetemcomitans showed that the energy density diode laser irradiation of 1.59 J/cm² gave the percentage of bacterial death 35.81% without PS, 64.39% with the addition of chlorophyll Medicago sativa L and 89.82% with the addition of curcumin. PS was critical to the success of the PDI.

Conclusions: The addition of PS curcumin increased the effectiveness of reducing bacteria
E. faecalis and
A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to chlorophyll Medicago sativa L.