# Performance assessment of compression ground anchors in urban deep excavations through numerical and field investigations

## TL;DR

This study compares compression and tension ground anchors in deep excavations, finding compression anchors more stable and better for urban projects.

## Contribution

The study introduces field and numerical evidence showing compression anchors outperform tension anchors in deformation control and load distribution.

## Key findings

- Compression anchors showed 14% lower deformation under ultimate load conditions.
- Compression anchors provided broader load distribution, enhancing stability in field tests.
- Both anchor types had similar safety factors in clay soils, but compression anchors offered better deformation control.

## Abstract

This study evaluated the stability performance of compression and tension ground anchors used in deep excavations through numerical analyses and field tests. Compression anchors were observed to have advantages over tension-type anchors in terms of deformation control and safety factors. Under ultimate load conditions, the deformation of the compression anchors was recorded to be 14% lower. The safety factors for the anchors in clay soils were found to be nearly equal, both providing sufficient safety margins. Field tests demonstrated that compression anchors provide a broader load distribution, enhancing stability. These results support the use of compression-type anchors, particularly in urban projects.