Antineoplastic 4-piperidone-1-phosphonothioates with potential multi-targeted inhibitory properties

TL;DR

Scientists created new compounds that show strong anti-cancer effects by targeting multiple proteins involved in cancer growth.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new class of multi-targeted antineoplastic compounds with superior efficacy compared to existing drugs.

Findings

Compound 20c showed sub-micromolar activity against breast, colon, and skin cancer cells.

Compound 20k exhibited higher anti-MDM2 potency than doxorubicin.

Some compounds selectively inhibited topo-IIα over topo-I and showed docking consistency with MDM2 targets.

Abstract

A set of 3,5-bis(ylidene)-4-piperidone-1-phosphonothioates 20a‒l was synthesized in high yields through dehydrochlorination reaction of 3,5-bis(ylidene)-4-piperidones 18a‒l and diethyl chlorothiophosphate 19 in DMF containing quantitative amounts of TEA at 0 °C. Most of the synthesized agents exhibit effective antiproliferation properties against a variety of cancer cell lines (MCF7/breast, HCT116/colon, and A431/skin), outperforming the efficacy of the clinically approved drugs. Compound 20c (R = 3-ClC6H4) is the most effective analog discovered with a sub-micromolar activity against MCF7 (IC50 = 0.650, 3.15 and 3.97 µM, for 20c, 5-fluorouracil, and sunitinib, respectively) as well as remarkable efficacy against HCT116, and A431 (IC50 = 1.445 and 2.920 µM respectively for 20c, compared to 20.43 and 23.44 µM respectively for 5-fluorouracil). The synthesized analogs demonstrating considerable anti-MCF7 properties were evaluated for their biochemical properties against MDM2, p53, and topoisomerase I/II. Compound 20k [R = 3,4,5-(MeO)3C6H2] is the most effective anti-MDM2 agent with a potency higher than the standard reference (% inhibition of 65.3, for 20k, and 42.2 for doxorubicin; i.e. 1.55-fold). Biochemical activation of p53 by the synthesized analogs is consistent with the anti-MDM2 properties. Compound 20i (R = 4-MeOC6H4) is the most effective topo-I and topo-IIα inhibitor with potency close to that of the standard references (Dxd, and etoposide). Some of the synthesized agents showed selectivity for topo-IIα over topo-I. Molecular docking results (PDB: 4OAS) are consistent with the observed properties against MDM2. Based on the biological and biochemical findings, some of the synthesized compounds could serve as promising multi-targeted inhibitors.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-25796-6.

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