# Diagnosis in Disarray: A Rare Case of Leiomyoma of the Vulva

## TL;DR

A 25-year-old woman with a vulval swelling was diagnosed with a rare benign tumor called a vulval leiomyoma after initial misdiagnosis as a Bartholin cyst.

## Contribution

This paper presents a rare clinical case of vulval leiomyoma and highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with this condition.

## Key findings

- Vulval leiomyomas are rare and often misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts before surgery.
- Histopathological analysis is crucial for accurate diagnosis of these benign smooth muscle tumors.

## Abstract

Extrauterine leiomyomas are more uncommon and difficult to diagnose. These smooth muscle cell-based tumours, which are histologically benign, often develop in the genitourinary tract (in the vulva, ovaries, urethra, and urinary bladder); however, they can develop in almost any anatomic region. As reported in the literature, vulval leiomyomas are rare and commonly misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts prior to surgery. These painless, isolated, well-circumscribed smooth muscle tumours can afflict females of any age group. This report describes the case of a 25-year-old female who visited the hospital with complaints of a right labial swelling that had been there for five months, and a provisional diagnosis of a Bartholin cyst was made. The patient underwent an elective excision under short general anaesthesia and local infiltration. The histopathological report revealed a benign vulval leiomyoma as the final diagnosis.