# Bicontinuous Interconnected Porous Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

## TL;DR

A new porous biomaterial is developed to support tissue engineering by mimicking natural cell environments and promoting cell growth and integration.

## Contribution

The novel BIPORES platform introduces bicontinuous interconnected porosity with negative Gaussian curvature for organ-scale tissue engineering.

## Key findings

- BIPORES scaffolds support stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro.
- The scaffolds promote tissue integration without immune rejection in vivo.
- Bicontinuous porosity with negative Gaussian curvature is crucial for tissue regeneration.

## Abstract

Biomaterials mimicking natural extracellular matrix are necessary to create an optimal microenvironment for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. These scaffolds must possess bicontinuous interconnected porosity to ensure the effective exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste, which are crucial for developing functional tissues. Here, a novel bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion (BIJEL)‐Integrated PORous Engineered System (BIPORES) is developed to confer bioinert synthetic polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) with unique bicontinuous interconnected porosity and surface topography. This platform is fabricated through controlled phase separation and interfacial stabilization of two continuous phases by nanoparticles. Functional validation using human mesenchymal stem cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, reveals outstanding cell attachment, growth, proliferation, and/or differentiation within tissue‐scale BIPORES scaffolds. These findings indicate that bicontinuous interconnected porosity with negative Gaussian curvature in the BIPORES scaffolds plays a key role in organ‐scale tissue engineering and regeneration.

Solvent transfer‐induced phase separation transforms bioinert polyethylene glycol diacrylate into bioactive scaffolds featuring bicontinuous interconnected porosity, with negative Gaussian curvature, and unique topographical patterning. These attributes enable stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation without basement membrane matrix proteins in vitro and promote tissue integration without immune rejection in vivo. This platform represents a promising strategy for organ‐scale tissue engineering and regeneration.© 2025 WILEY‐VCH GmbH