# Diverse RNAs in human umbilical cord-derived exosomes and their therapeutic potential

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the RNA content of exosomes from human umbilical cord stem cells and their potential for treating diseases and aiding regeneration.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse RNA types in umbilical cord-derived exosomes and their therapeutic applications.

## Key findings

- Exosomes from umbilical cord stem cells contain mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs that influence gene expression in target cells.
- Specific miRNAs like miR-136, miR-335-5p, and miR-1246 show targeted therapeutic effects in diseases such as Parkinson’s and preeclampsia.
- Exosomal RNAs can cross biological barriers and have potential as biomarkers and regenerative therapy tools.

## Abstract

Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm) secreted by various cell types, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and promising therapeutic agents. This review highlights the diverse RNA cargo of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC-Exos), including mRNAs, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which regulate gene expression and cellular functions in target cells. The mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake are discussed, with emphasis on their ability to cross biological barriers such as the blood – brain barrier. HucMSC-derived exosomes exhibit therapeutic potential in wound healing, angiogenesis, neuroprotection, immunomodulation, and treatment of diseases like Parkinson’s, preeclampsia, and renal or hepatic injury. Specific exosomal miRNAs, such as miR-136, miR-335-5p, and miR-1246, demonstrate targeted effects. Additionally, exosomal RNAs show promise as disease biomarkers. Future directions involve standardization, targeted engineering, RNA profiling, clinical trials, and integration into personalized medicine strategies for regenerative therapy.