# Degenerative changes of the mandibular condyle and their relationship with joint space: A CBCT study

## TL;DR

This study used CBCT to examine degenerative changes in the mandibular condyle and found that these changes are common and linked to age, but not to sex or joint space dimensions.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the prevalence and age-related patterns of mandibular condyle degeneration using CBCT imaging.

## Key findings

- Erosion and condylar flattening were the most common degenerative changes observed.
- Degenerative changes varied significantly with age but not with sex or side of the joint.
- Joint space dimensions were not significantly affected by the presence of degenerative changes.

## Abstract

This study aimed to identify degenerative changes in the mandibular condyle and to evaluate joint space conditions in sagittal and coronal sections using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it sought to determine the frequency of these changes relative to sex, age, and side of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 CBCT scans meeting inclusion criteria. Degenerative changes were assessed, and joint spaces were measured following standardized tomographic protocols. Statistical analysis included chi-square, Student’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

The sample consisted of 24 males (27.2%) and 64 females (72.7%), with a mean age of 31.2 ± 14.6 years. Erosion (30.6%) and condylar flattening (29.5%) were the most prevalent degenerative changes. No significant differences were found between right and left sides (p > 0.05) or between sexes (p = 0.445). However, degenerative changes varied significantly with age (p = 0.005), with sclerosis, osteophytes, and subchondral cysts more frequent in older adults. Comparison of joint spaces in sagittal and coronal sections revealed no significant differences between condyles with and without degenerative changes (p > 0.05).

Degenerative changes in the mandibular condyle were common but did not significantly alter joint space dimensions. Erosion and flattening were the predominant findings, and age was associated with specific changes, while sex and side showed no association. CBCT proved effective for detailed assessment of condylar morphology and joint space.

Key words:Temporomandibular joint, Mandibular condyle, Temporomandibular joint disorders, Cone-beam computed tomography.