# Evaluation of effect of transfusion practices on infection risks in open heart surgery: Insights from a study at Amir-Al-Mominin Hospital in Golestan province, Iran, 2022

## TL;DR

This study examines how blood transfusion practices affect infection risks in heart surgery patients, focusing on diabetic individuals.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into transfusion practices and infection risks in open heart surgery, particularly in diabetic patients.

## Key findings

- Diabetic patients had a higher incidence of positive blood cultures.
- PC transfusion occurred in 29.5% of patients with no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic groups.
- Vigilant monitoring is needed for diabetic patients to mitigate infection risks.

## Abstract

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is the standard treatment for obstructive coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with multi-vessel involvement or diabetes. Blood transfusions are often necessary during CABG, with rates ranging from 40% to 90%. We studied the multifactorial analysis of transfusion practices and infection risks in open heart surgery in Golestan Province, Iran.

In the study we reviewed the medical records of 268 patients who underwent open heart surgery in 2022. Exclusion criteria included known immunodeficiency conditions, immunosuppressive drug use, and incomplete records. Data on risk factors (age, gender, diabetes, BMI, smoking) and laboratory results (CRP, WBC, blood cultures) were collected.

Out of 268 patients, 210 were analyzed (125 men, 85 women). The average ages were 57.7±9.8 for men and 58.6±9.3 for women (P=0.515). Diabetic patients showed a higher incidence of positive blood cultures (P=0.047). PC transfusion occurred in 29.5% of patients, with no significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic groups.

The prevalence of positive blood cultures, particularly among diabetic patients, emphasizes the importance of vigilant monitoring and management of this population to mitigate infection risks.