# Embodiment, Relationships, and Sexuality: An Ethical Analysis of Extended Reality Technologies

**Authors:** Erick José Ramirez, Laura Clark, Sydney Campbell, Julian Dreiman, Dorian Clay, Raghav Gupta, Shelby Jennett

PMC · DOI: 10.1007/s11948-025-00563-y · Science and Engineering Ethics · 2025-11-14

## TL;DR

This paper explores how extended reality (XR) technologies could reshape our understanding of self, relationships, and sexuality, requiring new ethical frameworks.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel ethical analysis of XR's impact on concepts like embodiment, self, and sexual orientation.

## Key findings

- XR technologies create immersive experiences that challenge traditional notions of self and embodiment.
- XR embodiment could lead to new forms of relationships and redefine concepts like sexual orientation.
- A new ethical framework is needed to address the risks and possibilities introduced by XR embodiment.

## Abstract

Communication technologies change the way we relate to each other and ourselves. In this essay we analyze the effects that extended reality (XR) technologies are likely to have on conceptions of the self, romantic relationships, and other associated concepts like sexual orientation. While these technologies are in their infancy, key psychological and philosophical concepts are already being explored. We begin by defining extended reality and the family of technologies that make it possible. We pay special attention to the way these immersive technologies ground the experiences of presence which can become virtually real. These experiences provide a useful framework for understanding the phenomena of XR embodiment. XR embodiment, the experience of one’s self as embodied in XR, opens up the possibility of blended physical and digital narrative selves which form the basis of new forms of relationships. In a future where XR is incorporated into the basic social and political structures of society, XR embodiment and virtually real experiences challenge normative concepts like sex and sexual orientation. Contemporary conceptions of the self, sex, consent, and love emerged in purely physical contexts to help us navigate the limitations of physical embodiment. XR embodiment requires a new ethical framework to make room for these possibilities. We end the paper by assessing ethical risks XR embodiment can introduce for XR developers, and researchers.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** anxiety (MESH:D001007), overweight (MESH:D050177), trauma (MESH:D014947), alien hand syndrome (MESH:D055964), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), sexually transmitted infections (MESH:D012749), Snapchat dysmorphia (MESH:C537340), phobia (MESH:D010698), body dysmorphic disorder (MESH:D057215), dysphoria.2 (MESH:D019052), Cotard's Delusion (MESH:D063726), mobility-related disabilities (MESH:D014086)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Bos taurus (bovine, species) [taxon 9913], Sphingobium sp. AM (species) [taxon 1176302], Malus domestica (apple, species) [taxon 3750]

## Full text

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## References

52 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12618374/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12618374