# Post-flexible Bronchoscopy Escherichia coli Empyema: A Rare Complication or an Inflammatory Bacterial Translocation?

## TL;DR

A patient with bronchiectasis developed empyema after bronchoscopy, with different bacteria found in the airway and pleural fluid.

## Contribution

This case highlights the risk of post-bronchoscopy infections and challenges in antimicrobial treatment due to bacterial discordance.

## Key findings

- Empyema occurred 10 days after bronchoscopy in a patient with bronchiectasis.
- Different bacteria were isolated from bronchial washings and pleural fluid, complicating treatment decisions.

## Abstract

Empyema is an unusual complication of diagnostic bronchoscopy. We report a case of a male patient in his late 70s with bronchiectasis who developed a right lower lobe empyema 10 days after undergoing flexible bronchoscopy for incidentally detected lung nodules. Bronchial washings grew Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the atypical Gram-negative bacillus Pantoea septica (P. septica), while subsequent pleural fluid culture yielded Escherichia coli (E. coli). This case highlights the risk of post-bronchoscopy infectious complications in patients with structural lung disease and illustrates how discordance between airway and pleural isolates can complicate antimicrobial decision-making.