# ‘What Does the Anemonefish Say?’: Investigating Amphiprion percula 's Acoustic Behaviour

## TL;DR

This study explores how wild anemonefish use sounds to communicate in their natural environment, showing that vocalizations are linked to social behaviors and hierarchy.

## Contribution

The study provides the first detailed field-based analysis of acoustic behavior in wild anemonefish, linking vocalizations to social context and hierarchy.

## Key findings

- Anemonefish vocalizations vary with behavioral context, such as submission and conflict regulation.
- Body size and social rank influence the acoustic features of vocalizations.
- Field-based research is essential for understanding the ecological and social roles of fish vocalizations.

## Abstract

Acoustic communication plays a critical role in mediating social interactions, coordinating behaviours and maintaining group cohesion in many animals. While fish are known to produce a diverse range of sounds, most studies have been conducted in laboratory settings, limiting our understanding of how vocalisations function in natural social and ecological contexts. In this study, we provide a comprehensive examination of vocal behaviour in social groups of orange anemonefish (
Amphiprion percula
), an anemonefish species with strict size‐based hierarchies. Using underwater video and acoustic recordings from nine wild groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, we quantified acoustic features of individual vocalisations and linked them to behavioural contexts. We also examined the effect of body size and social status on vocalisation's acoustic features. Our findings demonstrate that
A. percula
's vocalisations differ between behavioural contexts, highlighting the role of acoustic signals in signalling submission, regulating conflict, and maintaining group hierarchy. Behavioural context emerged as the strongest predictor of vocal variation, with body size and social rank providing additional variation. This study underscores the importance of field‐based investigations to capture the ecological and social complexity of acoustic communication. These findings establish a baseline for future functional studies, including playback experiments, and provide critical insight into the adaptive significance of sound in social fish communities.

This study investigates the vocal behaviour of wild
Amphiprion percula
in Papua New Guinea, revealing that distinct acoustic signals correspond to specific social interactions and are influenced by behaviour and rank. The findings underscore the importance of in situ research for understanding fish communication and highlight potential disruptions from anthropogenic noise.