Incidence and Time to Diagnosis of Secondary Malignancies Among Patients With Hairy Cell Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

TL;DR

This study finds that patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with purine analogs have a higher risk of developing secondary cancers later.

Contribution

The study provides a meta-analysis of secondary malignancy incidence and timing in hairy cell leukemia patients based on treatment type.

Findings

The cumulative incidence of secondary malignancies was 11.2% in HCL patients.

Purine analog-treated patients had a higher incidence (11.4%) than non-purine analog-treated patients (4.8%).

The mean time to secondary malignancy was 100.6 months after HCL diagnosis.

Abstract

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, indolent, chronic lymphoid neoplasm mainly treated with purine analogs. While some studies report an increased risk of secondary malignancies in patients with HCL, the incidence and the time from HCL diagnosis to the development of secondary cancers remain uncertain. To elucidate the incidence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. The cumulative incidence of secondary malignancies was 11.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.6-14.3), with a higher incidence observed in patients treated with purine analogs (11.4%, 95% CI: 8.1-15.8) compared with those receiving non-purine analogs (4.8%, 95% CI: 3.6-6.3). The mean time from HCL diagnosis to secondary malignancy development was 100.6 months (95% CI: 56.1-145.0). The mean time varied by treatment group: 74.8 months (95% CI: 61.5-88.0) for non-purine analogs, 116.5 months (95% CI: 31.5-201.5) for purine analogs, and 86.6 months (95% CI: 64.2-109.0) for combination therapies. In conclusion, the choice of initial therapy significantly influences the risk of secondary malignancies, with purine analogs associated with a higher incidence.

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