# Analysis of the diagnostic value of peripheral blood immune inflammatory indicators of female bladder pain syndrome

## TL;DR

This study explores how blood markers of inflammation can help diagnose female bladder pain syndrome, finding that certain indicators like NLR are useful for diagnosis.

## Contribution

The study identifies NLR as an independent diagnostic indicator for female bladder pain syndrome and explores the relationship between inflammatory markers and bladder capacity.

## Key findings

- Patients with FBPS had significantly higher SII, NLR, PLR, and neutrophil counts compared to controls.
- NLR was identified as an independent risk factor for FBPS through multivariate logistic regression.
- Decreased platelet count (PLT) was linked to reduced bladder capacity in FBPS patients.

## Abstract

Female bladder pain syndrome (FBPS), previously known as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Numerous research indirectly prove that Female bladder pain syndrome (FBPS) is associated with immune-related inflammation. According to the correlation analysis between peripheral blood immune-inflammatory markers and disease diagnosis, this research further verifies the potential diagnostic value of peripheral blood inflammatory markers in FBPS.

A total of 149 women with bladder pain syndrome who visited the urology department of our hospital from January 2013 to December 2024 and 149 healthy controls Patients who underwent health examinations at the physical examination center of our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were screened. All patients' peripheral blood inflammatory markers at admission included Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammation index (SII), et al. The maximum bladder capacity (MBC) during surgery served as the bladder volume. Multivariate binary regression was used to calculate the correlation between these indicators and disease diagnosis as well as MBC. The correlation between these indicators and MBC is secondary outcomes. The optimal cut-off value for the parameters was identified using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and its area under the curve (AUC) over time.

Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group demonstrated significantly higher SII, NLR, PLR, neutrophil count, whereas peripheral blood platelet count (PLT) and absolute lymphocyte count decreased, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed increased NLR as an independent risk factor for FBPS. Compared with the normal bladder capacity group, patients with small bladder capacity demonstrated significantly lower SII, PLR, PLT, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed decreased PLT as an independent risk factor for reduced bladder capacity.

Peripheral blood inflammation indicators can be employed as an auxiliary diagnostic standard for FPBS, and NLR can be used as an independent diagnostic indicator for FBPS. However, further prospective studies are warranted to identify the causal relationship of these indicators with patient symptoms.