# Elder psychological abuse: narrative review of evidence and gaps in research

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the current understanding of elder psychological abuse, highlighting gaps in research and the need for standardized definitions and tools.

## Contribution

The paper identifies the lack of a unified definition and standardized tools for studying elder psychological abuse.

## Key findings

- There is significant variability in the prevalence of elder psychological abuse due to differing definitions and cultural contexts.
- Only ten studies were found that specifically address elder psychological abuse, indicating limited research on the topic.
- The absence of standardized assessment tools and definitions hinders progress in understanding and addressing this form of abuse.

## Abstract

Elder abuse is a substantial global public health and human rights problem, certainly one of the lesser known and studied forms of violence whose impact must not be overlooked because of its significant representation worldwide. Although psychological abuse has been found to be the most frequent form of abuse, specific knowledge regarding this form of violence is still lacking.

The PubMed database was searched using a combination of search terms related to older people, emotional and psychological violence and abuse and exclusion, as much as possible, of physical abuse.

Ten studies met inclusion criteria, representing diverse geographical contexts (United States, Poland, Taiwan) and settings (community, institutional). The analysis of the articles showed the absence of a shared definition, lack of structural conceptualization and extreme variability in the prevalence of the phenomenon reflecting the variability of definitions and socio-cultural heterogeneity and reduced reporting rates.

The available literature on Elder Psychological Abuse is still limited and fragmented, with a small number of studies dedicated to this specific topic, the absence of a shared definition and the lack of standardized categorization and assessment tools. These elements underscore the need for further research to explore the phenomenon in depth, promoting the development of a single definition and reliable tools for its identification and classification.