Evaluation of re-used medicinal leeches as a potential source for nosocomial MDR bacterial infections in canines

TL;DR

This study investigates whether re-used medicinal leeches can spread multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections to dogs.

Contribution

The study demonstrates that MDR Staphylococcus aureus can persist in leeches but not in surrounding environments after a specific period.

Findings

MDR Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted to leeches from inoculated blood.

The bacteria were not detectable in leeches or blood meals after 3 months.

Only one water sample tested positive for the bacteria at 7 days post-feeding.

Abstract

Leech therapy is commonly used in medicine as a treatment for venous congestion. Since a concern with reusing leeches is potential spread of infections, it is recommended to discard leeches after use. If a leech harbored bacteria from one patient in its gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it could transmit them to another patient, potentially, serving as a vector for multidrug resistant (MDR) infections. The objectives of this study were to determine if MDR Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted from inoculated blood into a leech, how long can the bacteria can persist within the leech and its environment, and if leeches can transmit the bacteria during refeeding.

63 leeches were split into eight treatment groups and one control group.

Treatment leeches were fed canine blood inoculated with an MDR strain of Staphylococcus aureus while control leeches were fed clean canine blood. Cultures were obtained at 1 day, 1 week, and 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-months post-inoculation. Culture samples were taken from the aquarium water, GI contents, and blood that the leeches were allowed to refeed on. Cultures were evaluated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus.

All water samples were negative except for one tank at 7 days after feeding. After 2 and 3 months, all GI tracts and blood meal samples were negative, respectively.

Leeches will harbor MDR Staphylococcus aureus after inoculation. This bacterium is not detectable in the water after 7 days or in the leech and blood meal after 3 months. Further studies should be conducted to determine the reproducibility of these results given the novel complications identified throughout the course of our study.

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