# In silico structural analysis of Oryza sativa RAD51 reveals key interactions for nucleoprotein filament assembly and regulation

## TL;DR

This study uses computer modeling to understand how a rice protein called OsRAD51 interacts with DNA and another protein, OsBRCA2, to repair DNA damage.

## Contribution

The study reveals structural details of OsRAD51 and how OsBRCA2 regulates its assembly into DNA repair filaments in rice.

## Key findings

- OsRAD51 has conserved ATP- and DNA-binding sites and is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
- OsRAD51 interacts with OsBRC repeats via hydrophobic and polar interactions, regulating nucleoprotein filament assembly.
- OsBRCA2 contains eight BRC repeats with a conserved motif similar to human BRC4, important for interaction with OsRAD51.

## Abstract

Radiation sensitivity 51 (RAD51) is important for homologous recombination and DNA repair. The interaction between BRCA2 and RAD51 is crucial for the successful repair of DNA double strand breaks by homologous recombination. In the present study, through in silico analysis, we structurally characterized OsRAD51, a eukaryotic RAD51 ortholog from Oryza sativa Japonica A1 cultivar. Multiple sequence alignment showed the presence of conserved amino acids at the ATP- and DNA-binding sites. Several phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites were also predicted in OsRAD51 indicating its regulation by post-translational modifications. Structural modelling of OsRAD51 revealed two important regions at the protomer interface – one near the ATP-binding site (Walker A motif) and the other comprising of mainly hydrophobic residues. Polar and charge-charge interactions were noticeable at DNA-OsRAD51 interface of the modelled nucleoprotein filament. RAD51 assembly into the nucleoprotein filament is regulated by BRCA2. To study this interaction, OsRAD51 was modelled with O. sativa BRC repeats (OsBRC). OsBRC was found to interact with OsRAD51 via hydrophobic and polar interactions. Moreover, structural analysis revealed that OsBRC interaction site overlap with the hydrophobic pockets of OsRAD51 required for protomer-protomer interaction, thus regulating the assembly of OsRAD51 into nucleoprotein filament. O. sativa BRCA2 (OsBRCA2) was found to contain 8 BRC repeats. OsBRC repeats, similar to Homo sapiens BRC4 (HsBRC4), contained a conserved motif including a phenylalanine required for interaction with OsRAD51. So, OsBRCA2 can regulate the assembly of OsRAD51 through BRC repeats. The results of our study provide insights about structural basis of OsRAD51 nucleoprotein filament assembly and its regulation by BRCA2.