# Black Chokeberry Extracts (Aronia melanocarpa) as an Ingredient of Functional Food—Potential, Challenges and Directions of Development

## TL;DR

Black chokeberry extracts are being studied as functional food ingredients due to their high levels of health-promoting polyphenols.

## Contribution

The paper reviews extraction methods and applications of black chokeberry extracts in food products, highlighting challenges and future directions.

## Key findings

- Aronia extracts improve antioxidant capacity and storability in various food products.
- Green extraction technologies like ultrasound and microwave-assisted methods are effective for recovering bioactive compounds.
- Astringency is a major sensory challenge in chokeberry extract applications.

## Abstract

Functional food is gaining global importance as consumer demand for products delivering health benefits beyond basic nutrition increases. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) is a promising candidate in this field, due to its exceptionally high content of bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols with well-documented health-promoting properties. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the functional food definition and the health benefits of chokeberries, with special emphasis given to their extracts as promising ingredients for novel product development. Efficient recovery methods for bioactive compounds from fruits, pomace, and leaves were discussed, including advances in green extraction technologies such as ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction. Stabilization approaches, including microencapsulation and freeze-drying, which enhance the stability and bioavailability of phenolics, were also highlighted. The impact of aronia extracts on technological and sensory parameters of food was investigated. Applications in beverages, baked goods, dairy, and meat products demonstrate improved antioxidant capacity and storability. However, astringency remains a major sensory challenge. Future perspectives include optimization of processing strategies and developing synergistic formulations to maximize health benefits while ensuring consumer acceptance.