# The Aggregated Electromagnetic Vortex Wave and Multi-Modal Imaging Experiment

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to generate aggregated electromagnetic vortex waves and uses them to improve vehicle imaging with better signal quality.

## Contribution

The first multi-modal aggregated electromagnetic vortex wave generation method and its application in radar imaging.

## Key findings

- Multi-modal vortex waves enhance the main lobe signal energy in radar imaging.
- Fusion processing improves the signal-to-noise ratio of target images.
- Vehicle imaging experiments validated the practicality of the proposed method.

## Abstract

Electromagnetic vortex waves have received widespread attention in many fields due to their unique physical characteristics. The information dimension provided by vortex electromagnetic waves brings possibilities for future breakthroughs in radar detection and imaging. This article proposes a multi-modal aggregated electromagnetic vortex wave generation method for the first time. Moreover, it conducts vehicle imaging experiments to verify the method’s practicality. The core element of the experiment is to simultaneously generate multiple-mode electromagnetic vortex wave signals with energy accumulation and perform fusion processing. Firstly, multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are superimposed to generate a mode group, and the initial phase of the modes in the mode group is further controlled to synthesize aggregated electromagnetic vortex waves. Based on the generation of aggregated vortex waves, imaging experiments were conducted using a vehicle-mounted setup. The experimental procedure and multi-modal fusion results were presented. It has been shown that the energy of the main lobe signal of the image target is enhanced by utilizing multi-modal vortex radar information fusion, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the target imaging.