Quaternary Ammonium Dimethacrylates as an Additive in Dental Composite Resins: A Review of Their Antimicrobial, Mechanical, and Physicochemical Properties
John Ekow Ampah-Essel, Izabela Barszczewska-Rybarek, Patryk Drejka, Grzegorz Chladek
TL;DR
This paper reviews how adding quaternary ammonium dimethacrylates to dental composites can fight microbes without harming mechanical properties.
Contribution
The paper provides a critical review of antimicrobial, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of QADMs in dental composites over the past decade.
Findings
QADMs show strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic and opportunistic pathogens without resistance development.
QADMs maintain good mechanical and physicochemical properties when added to resin composites.
Cytotoxicity of QADMs depends on structure and dose, but most are biocompatible at effective concentrations.
Abstract
Dimethacrylate-based dental materials are dominantly used in restorative procedures for their mechanical and esthetic properties. However, they lack inherent antimicrobial activity, making them susceptible to microbial colonization. This has prompted the development of quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate monomers (QADMs) as a counteractive measure. This review critically assesses the tradeoffs associated with the antimicrobial potential, cytocompatibility, and structural performance of QADMs in the past decade. Across the standardized biological assays studied, QADMs consistently exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against cariogenic and opportunistic pathogens without inducing resistance. QADMs maintain favorable mechanical and physicochemical properties upon incorporation into resin composite formulations. Cytotoxicity is structure- and dose-dependent; nonetheless, most QADMs are…
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Taxonomy
TopicsDental materials and restorations · Antimicrobial agents and applications · Polymer Synthesis and Characterization