# Cranial Morphological Patterns Based on Cranial Index and Petrous Ridge–Midline Angle in Koreans: Implications for Clinical and Forensic Applications

## TL;DR

This study analyzes skull shapes in Koreans using CT scans to identify patterns useful for clinical and forensic applications.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into Korean cranial morphology using PMCT and two key measurements.

## Key findings

- The brachycranic type was the most common skull shape in Koreans.
- PMA showed significant sex and age differences in cranial morphology.
- CI did not show significant differences by sex or age.

## Abstract

Background: The human skull has a very complex and diverse structure, and morphological characteristics vary by population. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the cranial morphology using postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), and to identify anatomical characteristics through a multifaceted approach in Koreans. Methods: 358 PMCT cross-sectional images (179 males, 179 females) provided by the National Forensic Service were analyzed, and the average age was 55.1 ± 18.9 years. The maximum cranial length was divided by the maximum cranial width and multiplied by 100 to calculate the cranial index (CI). Petrous ridge–midline angle (PMA) was measured as the angle between the petrous ridge and the midline. Results: In both the classification of skull shape using CI and PMA, the brachycranic type showed the highest frequency (p < 0.001). Classified by CI, there were no significant differences in frequency by sex (p = 0.533), or age (p = 0.110). However, classified by PMA, the frequency of the brachycranic type in men was significantly higher than in women (p = 0.022), and there was a significant difference in the frequency of cranial morphology by age (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of cranial morphology classification targeting Koreans are expected to provide useful basic data for clinical and forensic use.