Management of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation in Children: A Systematic Review

TL;DR

This systematic review explores treatment options for children with recurring jaw joint dislocations, finding a preference for conservative and minimally invasive methods.

Contribution

The study systematically reviews recent therapeutic approaches for pediatric TMJ dislocation, highlighting the predominance of conservative and minimally invasive treatments.

Findings

Nine studies were included, with a focus on conservative and minimally invasive treatments for TMJ dislocation in children.

Botulinum toxin injections were the most commonly reported minimally invasive treatment method.

Due to limited and heterogeneous literature, consistent conclusions about treatment effectiveness could not be drawn.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Children’s unique physiological and behavioral needs require individualized treatment planning. It seems reasonable to investigate treatment options for recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation and assess their outcomes. This review was conducted with the purpose of identifying recent therapeutic approaches for TMJ dislocation in pediatric patients and evaluating their effectiveness. Methods: Searches were conducted on 21 September 2025, using BASE, PubMed, and Scopus. The review included studies with measurable outcomes, published between 2000 and 2025, that focused on patients under the age of 18 with recurrent TMJ dislocation. Studies with unclear diagnoses or undefined treatment methods were excluded. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool. The results were tabulated. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, nine studies were included: one case-control study, three case series, and five case reports. Invasive treatment methods applied in pediatric patients were reported in two of those. Minimally invasive and conservative treatment methods were most frequently described, with botulinum toxin injections being the most commonly reported minimally invasive approach. Conclusions: Research revealed that conservative and minimally invasive methods are preferred in pediatric patients’ treatment. Due to the heterogeneity and limited number of available literature, consistent conclusions regarding the effectiveness of different treatment methods for recurrent TMJ dislocation in children could not be drawn. This study received no funding. PROSPERO ID number: CRD420251139493.

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