Structural and Electrical Analysis of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: The Role of Busbar Geometry in First-Generation PV Technology

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how the design of busbars in silicon solar cells affects their performance and longevity.

Contribution

The study experimentally evaluates the impact of busbar geometry on electrical and structural properties of first-generation PV cells.

Findings

Busbar geometry significantly influences metal-semiconductor contact resistance.

Structural correlations were identified that can help optimize PV cell performance.

Laboratory equipment like solar simulators and Corescan were effectively used for characterization.

Abstract

This study focuses on first-generation crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells, which remain the core of the PV industry. It outlines the structure and operation of single-junction cells, distinguishing between monocrystalline and polycrystalline technologies. A literature review was conducted using databases such as Web of Science and Scopus to identify research trends and inform future research directions. PV cell classification by generation is also presented based on production methods and materials. The experimental section includes both electrical and structural characterisation of crystalline silicon solar cells, with particular emphasis on the influence of the number and geometry of front-side busbars on metal-semiconductor contact resistance and electrical properties. Additionally, the paper highlights the use of dedicated laboratory equipment—such as a solar simulator (for determining photovoltaic cell parameters from current-voltage characteristics) and Corescan equipment (for determining layer parameters using the single-tip probe method)—in evaluating PV cell properties. This equipment is part of the Photovoltaics and Electrical Properties Laboratory at the Silesian University of Technology. The findings demonstrate clear structural correlations that can contribute to optimising the performance and longevity of silicon-based PV cells.

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