Development of an Adapted Version of the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) for Older Adults

TL;DR

Researchers adapted a motor competence assessment for older adults to ensure safety, reliability, and usability in evaluating their motor skills.

Contribution

An adapted Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) tailored for older adults was developed and validated.

Findings

The adapted MCA showed high completion rates and strong reliability in the manipulative domain.

Challenge by Choice improved autonomy and perceived motor competence among participants.

Ball Kicking and Throwing Velocity tests demonstrated high reliability with minor gender differences.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Age-related declines in motor and functional abilities can compromise independence and quality of life in later life. Motor competence (MC) plays an important role in maintaining quality of life and independence. However, few reliable instruments exist to assess MC in this population. The study adapts the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) battery to meet the MC assessment and safety requirements of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Seventy-six community-dwelling, physically active older adults (age = 73.4 ± 7.0 years) enrolled in a multi-phase adaptation process involving expert review, pilot and field testing, and validation of six motor tasks across three MC domains. Adaptations emphasized in the following four stages: accomplishing participant safety, autonomy, and the reliability of MC measurement principles. Results: The adapted version demonstrated very high completion rates, being safe and reliable for accessing MC, showing strong reliability in the manipulative domain. The use of the Challenge by Choice principle improved participant autonomy, confidence, and perceived motor competence. The main alterations to stability and locomotor tasks allow feasibility while maintaining test validity. Adjustments in instructions and practice trials reduced cognitive load and improved performance, addressing age-related perceptual and comprehension challenges. Ball Kicking and Throwing Velocity tests showed high reliability (ICC between 0.828 and 0.925), with minor gender-related differences. Conclusions: The adapted MCA is a safe, feasible, and reliable instrument for assessing MC in community-dwelling older adults. It preserves the conceptual foundations of MC while accommodating age-related MC alterations, offering a valuable resource for research and clinical applications.