Pentosidine and Bone Properties in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

TL;DR

This study finds that elevated pentosidine levels in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease may be linked to changes in bone properties, suggesting a new connection between oxidative stress and bone health.

Contribution

The study identifies pentosidine as a novel marker associated with bone properties in ADPKD, distinct from other CKD etiologies.

Findings

Plasma pentosidine levels are higher in ADPKD compared to other CKD etiologies across CKD stages G1–G5.

Higher pentosidine in ADPKD individuals with preserved kidney function correlates with bone mineral density and bone material strength index.

Pentosidine is not associated with conventional bone biomarkers but is linked to cortical bone properties in ADPKD.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Altered bone metabolism and oxidative stress are features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Pentosidine, an advanced glycation end-product and a marker of oxidative stress, has been proposed as an indicator of impaired bone health. This study aimed to evaluate whether pentosidine levels are altered in ADPKD and whether they are associated with bone characteristics in comparison with other chronic kidney disease (CKD) etiologies and healthy individuals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of three cohorts comprising 554 adults. Participants were categorized by CKD etiology and stage (G1–G5). ADPKD stages were classified according to the Mayo Imaging Classification (MIC). Plasma pentosidine was analyzed by HPLC and ELISA. Bone material strength index (BMSi) was assessed using a microindentation technique (OsteoProbe®). Results: Plasma pentosidine was higher in ADPKD compared with other CKD etiologies in CKD stages G1–G4 (p = 0.023) and CKD 5D (p < 0.0001). Pentosidine was not associated with conventional bone biomarkers. However, in ADPKD individuals with preserved kidney function, higher pentosidine was associated with bone mineral density at the 1/3 radius and with BMSi. Conclusions: Pentosidine levels are consistently elevated in ADPKD compared with other CKD etiologies. Associations between pentosidine and measures of cortical bone properties suggest that pentosidine may contribute to skeletal alterations in ADPKD. These findings highlight a novel pathway linking oxidative stress and bone health.

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