# Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Reduced Graphite Oxide Modified with Zirconium Phthalocyanine as a Catalyst for Photooxidation and Dye Photodegradation

## TL;DR

A new hybrid material combining reduced graphite oxide and zirconium phthalocyanine is developed for water purification by degrading dyes under light.

## Contribution

A novel hybrid material with zirconium phthalocyanine covalently bonded to reduced graphite oxide is synthesized for photocatalytic dye degradation.

## Key findings

- The hybrid material effectively generates reactive oxygen species for dye degradation.
- Brilliant Green dye showed an 88% decrease in absorption after 3 hours of red light irradiation.
- The material successfully photodegrades multiple dyes including methylene blue and Rhodamine B.

## Abstract

In the aspect of water purification, a photoactive hybrid material based on reduced graphite oxide (RGO) with covalently, coordinatively, and through van der Waals interactions bonded zirconium(IV) phthalocyanine (PcZr) is proposed. In the material, the phthalocyanine complex plays the role of photosensitizer, while RGO is considered a carrier, ensuring high surface area and supporting PcZr activation. The central metal atom of PcZr directly interacts with lateral active oxygen-containing surface groups of graphite oxide, mainly –OH and –COOH. Thus, the proposed method of synthesis under solvothermal conditions allowed obtaining a relatively high concentration of the dye (0.2 wt.%) in the system based on a partially reduced and exfoliated graphite oxide. Optical studies confirmed the presence of PcZr through absorption and luminescence spectra. Additionally, effective generation of reactive oxygen species was demonstrated by testing the transformation of a dye indicator (diphenylisobenzofuran). Photocatalytic activity of the system was confirmed by photooxidizing selected organic dyes (methylene blue, Rhodamine B, Brilliant Green, and Eriochrome Black T) in a water medium, tested in slightly acidic conditions under red light. The greatest overall decrease in absorption during the photodegradation test was observed for Brilliant Green, reaching 88% after 3 h of irradiation.