# Allostatic load index in patients with pituitary tumours: a case control study

## TL;DR

This study found that patients with pituitary tumors have higher stress-related health burdens compared to healthy individuals, suggesting a link between these tumors and increased cardio-metabolic risks.

## Contribution

The study introduces the use of the allostatic load index as a novel tool to assess cumulative stress effects in patients with pituitary tumors.

## Key findings

- Patients with pituitary tumors had significantly higher allostatic load indices compared to the control group.
- Key biomarkers like BMI, blood pressure, and insulin levels were elevated in pituitary tumor patients.
- The study highlights increased cardio-metabolic risks in patients with hormonally active pituitary tumors.

## Abstract

Prolonged exposure to pathogenic stress factors leads to multisystemic consumption of the body and adverse changes resulting in the development of allostatic load (AL). Stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including endocrinopathies. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the allostatic load index in patients with pituitary tumours and compare it to a control group.

The study group included 58 patients with hormonally active pituitary tumours and 52 patients without pituitary dysfunction, representing the control group. The AL index (ALI) was calculated based on 16 parameters grouped into the following categories: anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular markers, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters, and inflammatory and hormonal markers.

In the group of patients with pituitary tumours, a statistically significantly higher AL index was noticed, regardless of the endocrine function of the adenoma, compared to the control group [7.00 (5.00–9.00) vs. 3.50 (2.00–5.00), p < 0.001]. Age significantly affected the AL index, while no such relationship was observed for education. Analysing specific AL biomarkers, patients with pituitary tumours had significantly higher Body Mass Index (BMI), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Individuals in the study group showed significantly higher levels of insulin, triglycerides and interleukin 6, and significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and albumin, compared to the control group.

The results of our study indicate the usefulness of the AL index as an integrated tool for assessing the cumulative impact of stress factors in pituitary diseases. In addition, patients with hormonally active pituitary tumours presented a higher cardio-metabolic risk. It is necessary to analyse the clinimetric data affecting AL, which is the next step of our study.