# Educational impact of a cost-efficient porcine model for toe amputation simulation training: Enhancing amputation education

## TL;DR

A low-cost pig model improves medical students' understanding and confidence in performing toe amputations through simulation training.

## Contribution

A cost-efficient porcine model is introduced for toe amputation training, showing significant educational benefits.

## Key findings

- Theoretical knowledge and surgical confidence improved significantly after the workshop.
- Technical skills, as measured by OSATS, showed significant improvements.
- Participants rated the workshop highly effective and likely to recommend it.

## Abstract

Undergraduate amputation education is underrepresented, limiting exposure to training. Porcine simulation models, known for their anatomical similarity to humans and cost-efficiency, have gained popularity in surgical education. This study evaluates the educational impact of a low-cost porcine toe amputation simulation model in enhancing theoretical knowledge, technical skills, and anatomical understanding.

A prospective cohort study was conducted through a structured workshop—including a didactic lecture on anatomy and surgical principles, followed by hands-on practice with porcine models. Pre-and post-workshop surveys assessed theoretical knowledge, surgical confidence, instrument familiarity, and post-operative management using Likert scales and knowledge-based assessments. Technical skills were evaluated using Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). Statistical analysis employed Wilcoxon Signed-rank and Mcnemar’s test.

A total of twenty seven participants (24 medical students and three resident doctors) with no prior toe amputation experience participated. Theoretical knowledge improved significantly from 1.52 ± 0.98 to 3.81 ± 1.04 (p < 0.01), and surgical confidence increased from 1.48 ± 0.98 to 3.44 ± 1.19 (p < 0.01). Familiarity with anatomical structures rose from 1.78 ± 0.97 to 3.22 ± 1.19 (p < 0.01). OSATS scoring showed significant improvements in all areas (p < 0.01). Participants rated workshop effectiveness at 4.19 ± 0.74 and recommendation likelihood at 4.52 ± 0.64.

The simulation model significantly improves knowledge and technical skills. Future workshops could incorporate psychological and physiological care to provide a comprehensive learning experience.