# Parishin E from ginger-processed Gastrodia elata Bl. alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by regulating histone 3 lactylation at H3K18la and H3K27la sites

## TL;DR

Parishin E, a compound from processed Gastrodia elata, helps treat rheumatoid arthritis by altering histone modifications and reducing inflammation.

## Contribution

Identifies Parishin E as a novel anti-inflammatory agent that regulates histone lactylation in rheumatoid arthritis.

## Key findings

- Ginger-processed Gastrodia elata significantly improves rheumatoid arthritis in rat models.
- Parishin E inhibits macrophage polarization by downregulating HK2 and LDHA.
- Parishin E suppresses H3 lactylation at H3K18la and H3K27la, reducing inflammation.

## Abstract

This study investigated the natural small molecule drug Parishin E (PE) derived from the orchid plant Gastrodia elata Bl. (GEB). We evaluated the therapeutic effects of ginger-processed Gastrodia elata Bl. (G-GEB) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and focused on paracine E to elucidate its potential regulatory mechanisms.

An Sprague-Dawley rat model of rheumatoid arthritis was constructed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of G-GEB. Plant non-targeted metabolomics, serum non-targeted metabolomics, and RAW264.7 inflammation models elucidate Parishin E as the core anti-inflammatory component of G-GEB. Subsequently, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of Parishin E in the treatment of RA.

G-GEB significantly improves RA, with 363 active compounds identified by untargeted metabolomics. PE, its main active component, affects cell glycolysis by downregulating HK2 and LDHA to inhibit macrophage polarization. PE also shows anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing H3 lactylation at H3K18la and H3K27la.

PE in G-GEB exerts an RA ameliostatic effect by inhibiting macrophage polarization by regulating cellular glycolysis and by inhibiting the emulsylation modification of histone H3 sites, specifically H3K18la and H3K27la. Therefore, PE is a promising drug candidate for the development of RA treatments.