# WHO’s pandemic response recommendations after COVID-19: lessons learned or learnings lost?

## TL;DR

The paper reviews how WHO's pandemic response guidelines changed after COVID-19 and whether these changes were based on solid evidence.

## Contribution

The study identifies shifts in WHO's public health measures recommendations post-COVID-19 and evaluates the evidence supporting these changes.

## Key findings

- WHO's post-COVID-19 guidelines normalize interventions like masking and travel measures that were previously discouraged.
- Evidence cited often focuses on short-term outcomes, with limited consideration of broader societal impacts.
- Systematic evaluation of PHSM effectiveness and harms is needed for future pandemic preparedness.

## Abstract

This article examines how the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations and guidelines on public health and social measures (PHSM) have changed since COVID-19. Doing so allows insights on what lessons WHO has learned from the COVID-19 response.

The article analyses six recent WHO publications detailing recommendations on PHSM and compares them against three pre-COVID-19 WHO documents. The analysis also assesses the evidence-base used for these recommendations to better understand WHO’s substantive basis and rationale for the PHSM changes.

The analysis reveals substantial changes in WHO recommendations, often without systematic evidence assessment. Several population-wide interventions including quarantine, travel measures, and universal masking have become normalized in post-COVID documents, despite being previously discouraged. When evidence is cited, it often pertains to narrowly defined short-term outcomes, with limited consideration of broader societal impacts. Adverse effects of PHSM are recognized, but mitigation takes priority over avoiding harms.

Systematic evaluation of the evidence on PHSM during the COVID-19 pandemic, including their effectiveness and collateral effects, is imperative before revising changes in recommendations for future pandemics.